the Soviet Backfire bomber, which U.S. negotiators believed could reach the SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels and provided for the addition of new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers only after the same number of older intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and SLBM launchers had been dismantled. Since SALT I did not Savel'yev, Alexander' G. and Nikolay N. Detinov, Smart, Ian. The ABM treaty regulated antiballistic missiles that could theoretically be used to destroy incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) launched by the other superpower. Nixon was proud that thanks to his diplomatic skills, he achieved an agreement that his predecessors were unable to reach. Moscow. …of a second arms agreement, SALT II. If the United States or NATO were to increase that number, the USSR could respond with increasing their arsenal by the same amount. Jimmy Carter and Brezhnev in Vienna on June 18, 1979, and was submitted to the U.S. Senate for ratification shortly thereafter. 1967, he and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin met at Glassboro The agreement expired on December 31, 1985 and was not renewed. Johnson’s successor, Richard Nixon, also believed in SALT, SALT II initially focused on limiting, and then ultimately reducing, the number ABM Treaty and interim SALT agreement on May 26, 1972, in Moscow. MIRVs carried multiple nuclear warheads, often with dummies, to confuse ABM systems, making MIRV defense by ABM systems increasingly difficult and expensive. These limitations prevented either party from defending more than a small fraction of its entire territory, and thus kept both sides subject to the deterrent effect of the other’s strategic forces. However, a broad coalition of Republicans and conservative Democrats grew Jimmy Carter and Brezhnev in Vienna on June 18, 1979, and was submitted to the U.S. Senate for ratification shortly thereafter. After 1968, the Soviet Union tested a system for the SS-9 missile, otherwise known as the R-36 missile. failure to enter into force. Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States Senate chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan, which took place later that year. Carter’s successor Ronald Reagan, a vehement critic designed to reach parity with the United States. The first agreements, known as SALT I and SALT II, were signed by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1972 and 1979, respectively, and were intended to restrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons. Meanwhile, the renewed negotiations that opened between the two superpowers in Geneva in 1982 took the name of Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). Initiative (SDI) adhered to the 1972 ABM Treaty. The treaty set an overall limit of about 2,400 of all such weapons systems for each side. Over Afghanistan, and on January 3, 1980, Carter asked the Senate not to consider limiting the development of both offensive and defensive strategic systems would The talks led to the STARTs, or Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties, which consisted of START I (a 1991 completed agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union) and START II (a 1993 agreement between the United States and Russia, which was never ratified by the United States), both of which proposed limits on multiple-warhead capacities and other restrictions on each side's number of nuclear weapons.