0000006095 00000 n The idea of international jus cogens as a body of 'higher law' of overriding importance for the international community is steadily gaining ground. The chapter covers both conceptual aspects and State practice. 0000039255 00000 n 0 yhɰ� N`A�Ļ�Pȳn�y[-SP41@p���pg��8K�cP�QM�F�-7& 0000002322 00000 n In this case, Justice Lauterpacht was in favour of the decision and defined jus cogens as a concept which is superior to both customary law and treaty as it stands on the very fundamentals of natural law and humanity. h�bbd```b``��Y ���eA$�~0�"�6����'��-B�) 0000006268 00000 n 0000022162 00000 n 0000003165 00000 n 0000000636 00000 n 0000037895 00000 n In order to effectively protect against such violations of ius cogens it is necessary for universal jurisdiction to be able to usurp the role of the sovereign, both in cases where the sovereign itself has specifically consented and in cases where no such concession has been made by the sovereign state. �������. 0000005913 00000 n 0000001802 00000 n %PDF-1.6 %���� 0000000016 00000 n Two approaches pervade most of the relevant international and domestic case law on jus cogens. endstream endobj startxref 0000005535 00000 n 0000004618 00000 n �+D*��^� �F� v7�4�$�;[00m����H�?��G� ��N 0000038711 00000 n 0000001888 00000 n 226 17 0000001892 00000 n Jus cogens, the literal meaning of which is “compelling law,” is the technical term given to those norms of general international law that ... closely linked to the doctrine of international jus cogens. Introduction The question of the sources of international human rights law is of major significance. 226 0 obj <> endobj 0000017258 00000 n %PDF-1.6 %���� The constitutionalist approach views jus cogens as substantive rules of higher hierarchical status and as constitutional norms protecting the fundamental values of the international community. 0000026330 00000 n 0000003439 00000 n 0000006441 00000 n This chapter examines how domestic courts have ruled in cases involving the concept of jus cogens. 0000006700 00000 n %%EOF 241 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0AF93559DAA64E459B03B9364C61F8C6><52D41E7996C60C4EB2F2FA288319FA95>]/Index[221 38]/Info 220 0 R/Length 101/Prev 442377/Root 222 0 R/Size 259/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 0000008873 00000 n G+����O�. 0000003788 00000 n 3) and irreconcilable with its outcome. 0000001502 00000 n When the way in which legal argument is framed determines the result, the real dispute is revealed to lie between competing methodologies of legal argument and competing concepts of justice and State consent in international law. Referring to the Jurisdictional Immunities case, he argues that jus cogens might well be useful at the secondary level of the consequences that flow from the serious breach of peremptory primary rules (at 140). 0000001983 00000 n As international human rights endeavours expand their scope and their reach, and as their potential ramifications become greater, the need to ensure that the relevant norms are solidly grounded in … %%EOF trailer 221 0 obj <> endobj 0000001374 00000 n 0000005315 00000 n jus cogens, the threshold question is whether such a status places obligations erga omnes upon states or merely gives them certain rights to proceed against perpetrators of such crimes. 258 0 obj <>stream 0 0000005595 00000 n 0000004930 00000 n 0000002597 00000 n 0000005735 00000 n 0000001910 00000 n ��Y xref 0000004902 00000 n 0000002072 00000 n 0000029491 00000 n Mq�`���<2�VH���x���M�����V���>�JV9܅�l:3[7;�}lX��1�l��u��*�3��]m÷�][«����N_EqL5���l�m�:��_%�Z���K���u�:��l�;e�"F��u9Ϣ���\�� 7we��s��M��8n)�ԣ��C�o���G��8�)s::+���ͫ �c\Pމ�t�J?γ >-�y�K�k����j|��2�`A�-����D�F��L�j� \'F�|�ߩI�ơ>f���ː�ņ ��A�JeKG�CȖ/���hgE'l�UL��{tR�bf+|,��qcNs��Yo�����)��_��u�;�A��͡@�@�ye�!,l�)߉ Y�8-��j�n1?�3�Y�EXa�m��`C��pHE)U(�>��'�Є��ecX�=d�c̺�6����(�o1�w�p��wn�T��7F��(����RAo ��M�T����$�dR(�� �IY�C{���.N��*�:=y0�[p��g��0[u��YdEBD�UiW'V4������w��/��O#Ş�%ٝ�jh'�����˘�� n���?��-���=ӡV��\21�Q���C�7����"���o�[4�{��1����@�9��H4E��#l�"V �K4�>m�����^��m�A\�Pxy�:/g��}G��C�ifb�i���>���xI�Vj,�>��$Gn���܁I~���ϱ^���bĊ��,ٹ��z�ĸ��w[>�;E��s���dG��� �I��N����E�K~I�_��A�m�V&z74�Kn��Gn�$��2�;5MO�,�� CUSTOM, JUS COGENS, AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES BRUNO SIMMA* AND PHILIP ALSTON* * 1. 0000002880 00000 n 0000006133 00000 n 0000004352 00000 n 0000002663 00000 n startxref <<7419BD59E6A7E243AA53B1B24FC79670>]>> dG��p#���. cases are also applicable to Pinochet (No. 0000001797 00000 n h�b```f``�d`a`� fd@ A�+s|@� @�W����,r0��!�����q"�#�� J+�?q�b�or?���~�@ S��*�`�SM�N,(���@�G� 242 0 obj<>stream trailer << /Size 143 /Prev 233345 /Root 113 0 R /Info 111 0 R /ID [ <5C51D5C38D15075A32B8AFB9CC382E20> <8911AA0A2E73BCC1741198D8DC358E1C> ] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 113 0 obj <> endobj 114 0 obj <<>> endobj 115 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF /Text/ImageC]>>/Annots[121 0 R 120 0 R 119 0 R 118 0 R 117 0 R 116 0 R]>> endobj 116 0 obj <>>> endobj 117 0 obj <>>> endobj 118 0 obj <>>> endobj 119 0 obj <>>> endobj 120 0 obj <>>> endobj 121 0 obj <>>> endobj 122 0 obj <> endobj 123 0 obj <> endobj 124 0 obj <> endobj 125 0 obj <>/W[1[160 142 642 699 275 585 697 716 663 368 447 371 455 378 219 395 453 202 195 704 458 455 447 283 310 255 446 949]]/FontDescriptor 131 0 R>> endobj 126 0 obj <>/W[1[190 169 405 405 204 286 204 455 476 476 476 476 476 476 269 840 613 673 709 532 748 322 320 643 550 612 483 623 406 489 405 497 420 262 438 495 238 239 448 231 753 500 492 490 324 345 294 487 421 639 431 387 289 1015 561 522 450 591 503 499]]/FontDescriptor 132 0 R>> endobj 127 0 obj <>/W[1 [192 186 620 312 705 691 685 450 451 337 467 346 245 387 470 235 230 464 423 459 331 302 277 463 971]]/FontDescriptor 130 0 R>> endobj 128 0 obj <> endobj 129 0 obj <> endobj 130 0 obj <> endobj 131 0 obj <> endobj 132 0 obj <> endobj 133 0 obj <> stream