As the formation adopted was in the Swedish style, the light guns will have been distributed among the infantry regiments, and the heavier cannon placed in battery at some central point. After the battle, many of the chaplains left and went home, although it is not clear why. The only city in England considered to be wholeheartedly for the King was Oxford. King Charles I addresses his officers in September 1642: Battle of Edgehill 23rd October 1642 during the English Civil War. Wilmot charged through Lord Feilding’s regiment, followed by the second line of Lord Digby, and the Parliamentary horse was chased back through Kineton, in a similar fashion. Prince Rupert saw service during the Thirty Years War on the Continent of Europe, before being captured by the Imperialists. Sir Jacob Astley, Sergeant Major General of the Royalist Foot at the Battle of Edgehill on 23rd October 1642, later Lord Reading. selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Prince Rupert, and his brother Prince Maurice, spent the rest of the month and much of August, in evading the naval ships of the Parliament, and sailing to Newcastle, from where they rode to join King Charles. On the same day, Queen Henrietta Maria, who had fled to the Netherlands, appointed Prince Rupert of the Rhine, as King Charles’s general of the horse. The Thirty Years War produced a number of important commanders; Wallenstein for the Imperialists, Prince Maurice of Nassau in the Netherlands and, pre-eminently, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The Royalists never achieved this, while the Parliamentarians only really did so with the establishment of the New Model Army in 1645. His body was not recovered after the battle. Prince Rupert joined the King with engineer and artillery officers from the Continent. Ballard’s brigade was in time to receive the charge of the 10,500 Royalist foot, with the rest of the Parliamentary first line. Darkness was falling, and the battle petered out, both sides exhausted. Sir Jacob Astley, the Sergeant Major General, with command of the foot, had served with the Dutch, but supported Prince Rupert, whose tutor Astley had been, or rather said nothing to contradict him. The problem was imposing on these individuals, many highly competitive, the discipline necessary to make the cavalry arm an asset rather than a liability, particularly as many officers were as devoid of discipline as the soldiers. Clarendon says that, of these, 1,000 were royal troops. Many of the Parliamentary stragglers and deserters did not return to their army at all. After the first push of pike, the two sides recoiled, stuck their colours in the ground and began firing at each other, at point blank range. Scots officers joined and the army grew. Clarendon points out the irony that Kingston was killed fighting for the King. Contemporary representation of the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1632, showing the larger infantry formations of the Imperial army, left upper, against the smaller Swedish infantry formations, right lower; each comprising a central core of pikemen surrounded by musketeers. A feature of that period of the war was the inadequacy of each side’s intelligence services, allowing ignorance of the other side’s position and intended actions. Lord Robartes’ and Sir William Constable’s regiments of foot, supported by the horse regiments of Balfour and Stapleton, and the regiments of foot of the Lord General and Lord Brooke, charged Byron’s Royalist brigade, and drove it back, breaking up its ranks. The wording on the tablet reads:HERE LYETH EXPECTING THE SECOND COMING OF OUR BLESSED LORD & SAVIOUR HENRY KINGSMILL ESQ SECOND SONNE TO SIR HENRY KINGSMILL OF SIDMONTON IN THE COUNTY OF SOUTHON KNT. The battle began with a mutual discharge of cannon, which appears to have been of little effect, although Parliamentary accounts claim a greater impact for their gunfire. This conflict showed itself immediately at Edgehill, where the Earl of Lindsey resigned his appointment as Royalist commander following a dispute over which system to adopt. View of the site of the Battle of Edgehill on 23rd October 1642 in the English Civil War. Of some 26,000 men involved in the battle, approximately 1,000 died and 2,000 more were injured. While the horse on the flanks of Essex’s army had been ignominiously put to flight, two regiments of Parliamentary horse remained on the battlefield, the regiments of Sir William Balfour and Sir Philip Stapleton, positioned to the left in the second line, behind Meldrum’s brigade.