In those elections, José Ramos-Horta was elected President. The F-FDTL's problems came to a head in 2006 when almost half the force was dismissed following protests over discrimination and poor conditions. 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As head of government, the Prime Minister presides over the cabinet. From 2002 to 2005, an international program led by the United Nations, manned by civilian advisers, 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, substantially reconstructed the infrastructure. [58], Located in Southeast Asia,[59] the island of Timor is part of Maritime Southeast Asia, and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Betano Power Station (Portuguese: Central Eléctrica de Betano). [123], There is also a strong tradition of poetry in the country. [citation needed] As a result of interracial marriage which was common during the Portuguese era, there is a population of people of mixed East Timorese and Portuguese origin, known in Portuguese as mestiços. These holdings have been identified in a document titled The NFSA Timor-Leste Collection Profile, which features catalogue entries and essays for a total of 795 NFSA-held moving images, recorded sound and documentation works that have captured the history and culture of East Timor since the early 20th century. Although the President's executive powers are somewhat limited, he or she does have the power to appoint the Prime Minister and veto government legislation. Studie: Die Länder mit den wenigsten Urlaubern der Welt", "The International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology", "Maubere" article at the German Wikipedia, "Chinese in East Timor: Identity, Society and Economy", "Timor Leste, Tetum, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia or English? [53][54], Articles 5 and 71 of the 2002 constitution provide that Oecusse be governed by a special administrative policy and economic regime. The 1991 Dili Massacre was a turning point for the independence cause and an East Timor solidarity movement grew in Portugal, the Philippines, Australia, and other Western countries. [10] About half of the population is illiterate. East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th century and was known as Portuguese Timor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) declared the territory's independence. Around 3000 BC, a second migration brought Melanesians. [66], East Timor now has revenue from offshore oil and gas reserves, but little of it has been spent on the development of villages, which still rely on subsistence farming. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a faltering home economy prompted the Portuguese to extract greater wealth from its colonies, which was met with East Timorese resistance.[35]. Pigafetta, Antonio (1969) [1524]. [100], Under Indonesian rule, the use of Portuguese was banned and only Indonesian was allowed to be used in government offices, schools and public business. The Portuguese colonial administration also granted concessions to Oceanic Exploration Corporation to develop oil and gas deposits. There is a small Chinese minority, most of whom are Hakka. [73], According to data gathered in the 2010 census, 87.7% of urban (321,043 people) and 18.9% of rural (821,459 people) households have electricity, for an overall average of 38.2%.